GPS 四参数＋高程拟合模型控制范围及其精度分析

鉴于GPSRTK技术在城市测量中得到广泛应用，且七参数转换模型精度也达到城市测量规范的要求，但对于已知点要求较高，在实际测量中往往带来不便，以四参数＋高程拟合模型代替七参数模型在一定区域内观测，通过对控制区域及测量精度进行初步探讨，得出了一些有益的结论。     

整体最小二乘在桥梁拱形评定中的应用

宁波杭州湾新区跨十塘横江桥小拱塔采用了抛物线形设计,施工过程是将钢结构节段吊装拼接而形成主塔曲线,因此,对于主塔完成后的拱形评定显得很有必要。本文中,利用全站仪测量主塔小拱柱拼接时每段钢结构节段上口角点坐标数据,通过坐标转换方法将角点坐标数据投影到小塔拱中心轴线所在平面上,再利用整体最小二乘方法对线形和平面进行了拟合。拟合结果显示出完工线形与设计线形符合度很好,对工程的竣工具有一定的参考意义。     

Calculation methods of heat produced by a lithium‐ion battery under charging‐discharging condition

Lithium‐ion batteries generate considerable amounts of heat under the condition of charging‐discharging cycles. This paper presents quantitative measurements and simulations of heat release. A thermal condition monitoring system was built to obtain the temperature of a lithium‐ion battery under electrical heating conditions. The results have been validated using two independent simulation methods and show that the heat generated by the battery increases with the decrease of the discharge resistance. In addition, although the total amounts of heat release are larger under lower discharge resistance, the rate of heat release is relatively small. Two methods were reported namely analogy method and data‐fitting in order to determine the heat generated by the lithium‐ion battery. The results are crucial findings for risk assessment and management.     

全尾砂最佳絮凝沉降浓度及调控方式研究

针对新疆某铜矿充填溢流跑浑现象严重、充填尾砂利用率低等问题，对影响尾砂沉降速度的主要因素进行了研究，包括尾砂粒级组成、表面形状和进砂浓度等。通过试验探究了进砂质量浓度分别为10%、15%和20%条件下尾砂沉降高度(H)与时间(T)之间的拟合关系式，其相关系数(R ²)均大于0.975，推导出最有利于该铜矿尾砂沉降的进砂浓度值为16%~17%。通过对比进砂浓度为16.5%条件下沉降试验实测值与预测值，证明该方法能够较好地预测尾砂的最佳沉降进砂浓度值。试验研究及分析为现场生产提供了实际指导，通过增加进砂浓度调节设施，并将各设施的相关参数在充填站控制系统中进行数据联锁，使进砂浓度始终保持在16%~17%之间，絮凝剂的添加量与进砂量匹配并维持在最佳添加量范围内，实现了砂仓顶溢流水澄清，提高了充填尾砂的利用率。     

Corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged 6063 alloy: A comparative study

The mechanical property of age‐hardenable Al‐alloys is governed by the state of ageing, which determines the microstructure and consequently, their corrosion behavior which is a vital aspect for a number of applications. This article presents a comparative assessment of corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐ and over‐aged Al‐Mg‐Si alloy. Corrosion characteristics have been determined via immersion tests in 0.1 M ortho‐phosphoric acid solution and intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests. Corroded surfaces are examined by field emission scanning electron micrographs‐energy dispersive spectroscopy and 3D optical profilometer. The obtained results reveal that the corrosion rate at a specific immersion time as well as the depth of IGC increases in the order for under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged states. Irrespective of the state of ageing, corrosion loss increases linearly but the rate of corrosion decreases rapidly with increasing immersion time. The dominant mode of corrosion in under‐aged alloy is identified as localized pitting, while peak‐aged is highly susceptible to IGC in contrast extensive pitting corrosion is observed for over‐aged alloy. The observed differences in corrosion behavior are explained considering characteristics of precipitates. Formation of β (Mg₂Si) in case of over‐aged alloy and presence of inclusions like AlFeMnSi particles are found to accelerate pitting corrosion.     

A simultaneous sample-and-filter strategy for robust multi-structure model fitting

In many robust model fitting methods, obtaining promising hypotheses is critical to the fitting process. However the sampling process unavoidably generates many irrelevant hypotheses, which can be an obstacle for accurate model fitting. In particular, the mode seeking based fitting methods are very sensitive to the proportion of good/bad hypotheses for fitting multi-structure data. To improve hypothesis generation for the mode seeking based fitting methods, we propose a novel sample-and-filter strategy to (1) identify and filter out bad hypotheses on-the-fly, and (2) use the remaining good hypotheses to guide the sampling to further expand the set of good hypotheses. The outcome is a small set of hypotheses with a high concentration of good hypotheses. Compared to other sampling methods, our method yields a significantly large proportion of good hypotheses, which greatly improves the accuracy of the mode seeking-based fitting methods.     

Performance analysis of a k‐nearest neighbor searching technique

Abstract

A transfer admittance is treated as a two‐terminal network driven by cascaded dependent sources. By complex‐curve fitting, each of the four admittances of a conventional two‐port model can be approximated over a wideband with a rational function of frequency. A SPICE2‐acceptable R‐L‐C two‐port model can then be derived by applying continued fractions to the rational functions. Examples are included to demonstrate the applications of this method.     

Modelling seasonal influenza: the role of weather and punctuated antigenic drift

Seasonal influenza appears as annual oscillations in temperate regions of the world, yet little is known as to what drives these annual outbreaks and what factors are responsible for their inter-annual variability. Recent studies suggest that weather variables, such as absolute humidity, are the key drivers of annual influenza outbreaks. The rapid, punctuated, antigenic evolution of the influenza virus is another major factor. We present a new framework for modelling seasonal influenza based on a discrete-time, age-of-infection, epidemic model, which allows the calculation of the model''s likelihood function in closed form. This framework may be used to perform model inference and parameter estimation rigorously. The modelling approach allows us to fit 11 years of Israeli influenza data, with the best models fitting the data with unusually high correlations in which r > 0.9. We show that using actual weather to modulate influenza transmission rate gives better results than using the inter-annual means of the weather variables, providing strong support for the role of weather in shaping the dynamics of influenza. This conclusion remains valid even when incorporating a more realistic depiction of the decay of immunity at the population level, which allows for discrete changes in immunity from year to year.     

Extension of some MAP results to transient MAPs and Markovian binary trees

In this work we extend previous results on moment-based characterization and minimal representation of stationary Markovian arrival processes (MAPs) and rational arrival processes (RAPs) to transient Markovian arrival processes (TMAPs) and Markovian binary trees (MBTs).     

棒料弯曲形状自动测量研究

本文基于非接触测量方式,提出采用二维线轮廓传感器,全程自动扫描棒料轮廓,利用最小二乘法对截面中心进行拟合,由连续的截面中心确定棒料中心线,实现了棒料弯曲量计算以及弯曲形状的确定算法,为棒料自动校直工艺参数的计算奠定了基础。实验研究证明,这种测量方案不仅扫描速度快,稳定性好,而且对棒料的弯曲形状测量准确,满足自动校直工艺要求。